US Policy Failure: Unilateralism in a Global Environment :: Essays Papers

US Policy Failure Unilateralism in a globular EnvironmentIMPORTANCE OF MULTILATERALISMIn the ball-shaped age that we live in, it is unreasonable to intend that a nation can independently face the complex diplomatic challenges that exist, yet the Bush administration has clearly demonstrated its intention to act unilaterally on a number of important issues, from worldwide credentials and terrorism to infectious disease and other environmental and humanitarian issues. Throughout the 1990s, the United States relied earlier on a foreign policy based on multilateral efforts however, signs of unilateralism began to emerge in 2002 with the planning of the Iraq War. (Levy) In an outline of the United States national security strategy, the current administration made it clear that it no longer felt bound by preexisting global agreements, and that it maintained the prerogative to defend itself from sensed threats even if the international community did not believe such threats were l egitimate enough to necessitate action.While the United States will constantly strive to charter the support of the international community, we will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense by acting preemptively...Today humanity holds in its hands the luck to further freedoms triumph over all these foes. The United States welcomes our responsibility to lead in this great mission. But our responsibility to history is clear to answer these attacks and justify the world of evil. (The National Security Strategy of the United States (2002), p 6, preface, and p 5)Aside from violating the charter of the UN, unilateral preemption is simply not a healthy national security policy. There are many advantages inherent to multilateralism that are not possible under a unilateral approach, such as the potency of participation by all in the management of world affairs, and the legitimacy that it provides, particularly when it comes to matters regarding the use of force or the establishment of universal norms. Also, the complexity of global politics presents a serious challenge to the use of US power. In spite of its incredible military superiority, the United States is dependent on support from consort when it operates abroad. Geographically strategic position gives weak states and advantage when the United States is seeking access to military positions, further stressing the necessity of maintaining good relationships with other countries.In concurrence with its apparent wishes, the United States government finds itself alone in its belief in unilateralism most other governments understand the importance of multilateralism, citing its importance to effectively dealing with issues of Global priority.

Aaron Copland :: essays research papers

Aaron Copland     Aaron Copland was the embodiment of what a composer butt joint hope to become.Copland was really much in partake in not only with himself and his feelings, but withthe audience he intended to reach. Very few composers have a concrete idea ofwhat "types" of lot they wish their music to reach. Copland was one of thesefew. The "Common Man" was the central part of much of his volumes of musicstrived to reach. Copland felt that, ". .everyone should have a chance to seethings through this music. Limiting who can understand it only limits yourusefulness" Throughout his 75+ years as a composer and conductor, he touchedthe lives and hearts of as many people as he could.     Copland was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1900 to fairly affluentparents. Because of his familys financial status, he started formally trainingas a teen, and moved to capital of France where he became the first American student ofNadia Boulanger. It was here that Copland developed much of his neo-classicalstyle. Although he enjoyed the precise structure that Boulanger had taught him,Coplands heart was truly in creating music that people other than musicianscould appreciate. It was upon his return to America in 1924 that he decided thathe would write ". . .truly American music." He traveled throughout America,getting a smell of what the "common man" was listening to. During these travelshe strayed into Mexico, and wrote the highly successful El Salon Mexico. A quotefrom the fall of 1932 sums up his intentions in writing this pick "Anycomposer who goes outside his native land wants to return bearing musicalsouvenirs." This is exactly what he did. The piece is a lively adaptation ofFrances Toors Cancionero Mexicano, with a very loose tempo, and heavy use ofthe horn section.     It was after the success of El Salon Mexico that Copland proceeded toproduce what is now consi dered the epitome of "American" music. He combined hisneo-classical school day with jazz-like syncopation and a new, more "open" use ofold chordal progressions. He created Billy The Kid in 1938, producing thefirst "Western" musical. The score achieved a remarkable balance betweenoutright humor and pathos, and oftentimes bordered on tragic. It was this base soul of humanity that made Coplands music what it is. Many texts to a faultrefer to a certain built in sympathy that Copland may have had for the maincharacter, citing his homosexuality as a cause for his deep understanding ofwhat it is to be looked down upon by society.

Popularity - Writing To Reflect :: essays research papers

I want to talk about the thing that strives many teens overhear to be fashionable in schools. It seems as though that popularity is a main issue to teens. The collect to feel accepted by others in order to be the center of attention, and the need to be distinguished greatly from everyone else is a strong force that exposes itself to nearly all teens at school. We spend most of our years at school, and begin known can almost seem to complete an emptyness that we feel. Popularity may not always in fact be as fulfilling as it may seem. I do agree that we all have the need to feel wanted yet when is enough, enough? Personally, Ive seen many situations when the elevation of popularity brought upon many other issues. Popular students usally have to create a certain personality that is diverse from their own, and they must always have that particular personality all the time to keep up their commonplace focus from others. This can be usually seen as the popular athletic team captain o r the optimistic cheerleader. During the make for in becoming much recognized, some end up hurting others for their own means of reaching that point. I remember a time a few years okay when I had a group of fairly close friends. We would always hang out with eachother and we would await the day at which we were to enter high school to contracther. When we in the long run reached high school, there where now a whole new group of people that were older than I. I still had my group of friends, but gradually I started to lose one of them. My friend was going against my other schoolmate, and before I knew it I was hurling the same insults as they were. It was all part of a process a process, I thought, was going to make me popular. I thought that if I could make someone look lower than I was, I would gain trust and become more popular. As it turned out it was not the case. I had lost a good friend, all for a selfish reason to get a good reputaion at school. In the end I ended up onl y hurting myself. I couldnt carry the baggage I had, knowing I had hurt someone who was close to me. There shouldnt be a need to become popular, there may be a few benefits, but it never lasts for long.

The Fourth Crusade Essay -- History, The Crusades

The fourth CrusadeIs karma the reason for the slow but evident sinking of Venice into the Mediterranean? Maybe it is indemnity for the cruel selfish acts of Venice during the Fourth Crusade. The Venetians along with crusaders robbed Constantinople for personal gains. The Fourth Crusade should be an example that it is crude and unjust to attack fellow men for no reason. The Crusades were a series of battles and scam wars against the Muslims. In the eleventh century capital of Israel had been taken over by the Turks. This sparked the Crusades the Crusades ended up lasting 200 years. The third crusade was deemed unsuccessful because Jerusalem was still in Muslim hands. In 1198, Pope Innocent issued the need for a Fourth Crusade. Excitement was stirred up by Priest Faulk of Neuilly after he preached at a knight tournament (Williams 103). In other areas the recruitment work was done on tours by major prelates, preaching sermons intentional to move their listeners to take the cross (103 ).At the time Egypt was the center of Muslim power so Egypt was the intended target. Unknown to crusaders, ambassadors of the Doge of Venice Enrico Dandolo were in Egypt negotiating with the sultan and assuring the sultan that Egypt would not be attacked (Williams 104). Dandolo wanted to attack Constantinople. The leader of the crusaders Count Boniface agreed with Dandolo. In Venice, Dandolo agreed to supply enough ships for 33,500 men and 4,500 horses as surface as an extra 50 armed galleys (Williams 104). By the intended departure date their were only 10,000 men ready to leave (Robinson). Later, 30,000 men arrived but a new problem arose. The men only had 51,000 marks when the price was set at 85,000 for the ships. Dandolo agreed to suspend the debt if... ...new throne and Catholicism was the new state worship (Cooke). Although, the advantages that had been gained by the Fourth Crusade vanished, as water vanishes on a hot stone (Williams 116).What looked like a simple attack o n Egypt changed into a destruction of the greatest city on earth. It was done out of greed and done by selfish people. Everyone in the hierarchy was involved up to the pope who saw his treasury rise from the gold of Constantinople. Dandolo was a good strategist but a crude man. Today many people still envy him and one scholar was asked if he knew the location of Dandolos grave and he replied Yes, I go there and spit on it (Cooke). Venice gained new heights in wealthiness but did it come at a price. Venice is sinking into the Mediterranean. Maybe it is karma and hopefully this was a lesson that it is unjust to attack fellow men for greed.

Technoscience and Artificial Life :: Technology

Techno recognition and colored LifeABSTRACT This paper uses the theory of technoscience to shed light on the current criticisms against the emerging science of Artificial Life. We gather up that the science of Artificial Life is criticized for the synthetic personality of its research and its over reliance on computer simulations which is seen to be contrary to the traditional goals and methods of science. However, if we break ingest the traditional distinctions between science and technology using the theory of technoscience, then we can begin to see that all science has a synthetic nature and reliance on technology. Artificial Life researchers are not heretical practitioners of some pseudoscience they are just more open about their reliance on technology to help realize their theories and modeling. Understanding that science and technology are not as disparate as was once thought is an essential tempo in helping us create a more humane technoscience in the future. Introduction As soon as the new sciences of Complexity, Chaos Theory, and Artificial Life (hereafter referred to as AL), began to be noticed by the popular science press a kind of honeymoon period began. During this time these sciences were seen as the coquettish new breakthrough theories that would eventually lead to our ability to solve all the problems of the world, from the cure for AIDS to the complete understanding and synthesis of living systems. (1) Recently a number of attacks have been leveled against the studies of Complexity and Chaos Theory in general and on the reading of AL directly. The most damning of these attacks on AL has been launched by John Horgan in his article From Complexity to Perplexity, printed in Scientific American (Horgan 6/95) and in his book The End of Science. In his article Horgan fiercely criticized the study of AL with the implication that the entire study is some kind of sham. Horgan states thatArtificial Life and the entire field of complexity seems to be based on a seductive syllogism There are simple sets of mathematical rules that when followed by a computer give rise to extremely complicated patterns. The world also contains umpteen extremely complicated patterns. Conclusion Simple rules underlie many extremely complicated phenomena in the world. With the help of powerful computers, scientists can root those rules out (Horgan 6/96, Pg. 107).Horgan goes on to argue that this position held by AL researchers is untenable and that the kind of science practiced in AL is no where near the kind of science that is normally practiced in biology.

Technoscience and Artificial Life :: Technology

Techno apprehension and Artificial lifespanABSTRACT This paper uses the theory of technoscience to shed light on the current criticisms against the emerging science of Artificial Life. We see that the science of Artificial Life is criticized for the synthetic nature of its research and its over combine on computer simulations which is seen to be contrary to the traditionalistic goals and methods of science. However, if we break down the traditional distinctions between science and applied science using the theory of technoscience, then we can begin to see that all science has a synthetic nature and reliance on technology. Artificial Life researchers are not heretical practitioners of some pseudoscience they are just more open about their reliance on technology to help realize their theories and modeling. Understanding that science and technology are not as disparate as was once thought is an essential step in helping us create a more humane technoscience in the future. Introducti onAs soon as the late sciences of Complexity, Chaos Theory, and Artificial Life (hereafter referred to as AL), began to be noticed by the popular science press a kind of honeymoon period began. During this time these sciences were seen as the sexy new breakthrough theories that would eventually lead to our ability to solve all the problems of the world, from the cure for AIDS to the complete understanding and synthesis of living systems. (1) Recently a piece of attacks have been leveled against the studies of Complexity and Chaos Theory in general and on the study of AL directly. The most damning of these attacks on AL has been launched by prank Horgan in his article From Complexity to Perplexity, printed in Scientific American (Horgan 6/95) and in his book The End of Science. In his article Horgan fiercely criticized the study of AL with the implication that the entire study is some kind of sham. Horgan states thatArtificial Life and the entire field of complexity seems to be based on a attractive syllogism There are simple sets of mathematical rules that when followed by a computer give rise to highly complicated patterns. The world also contains many extremely complicated patterns. Conclusion Simple rules underlie many extremely complicated phenomena in the world. With the help of powerful computers, scientists can root those rules out (Horgan 6/96, Pg. 107).Horgan goes on to argue that this position held by AL researchers is untenable and that the kind of science practiced in AL is no where near the kind of science that is unremarkably practiced in biology.

A Raisin in the Sun Essay

The significance of Lena unfledgeder in the screen bestow and movie A Raisin in the fair weather by Lorraine Hansberry, directed by Kenny Leon In the movie A Raisin in the cheer derived from the screenplay by Lorraine Hansberry, the theatrical role of Lena Younger is effectively portrayed to register the magnificence of the sow as a symbol of Lena beingness in possession of a garden to c altogether(prenominal) her energise got. However, the theme of dreams, especially Lenas, is non made prominent replete to instal Lena as a symbol of African the Statesns in the 50s makeing a preindication and moving up in rescript.In the screenplay of A Raisin in the Sun, Lena Younger is a sensitive vex and grandmother to the Younger hearthstvirtuosohold. She is very religious, and demands of her kids to thank God for their lives. This is sh bear when Lena slaps Beneatha for challenging the idea of God in her conduct. Lena says, Now you say after me, in my mothers house in that respect is still God (Hansberry 39). This scene is effectively remade in the movie. The actress that plays Lena makes her anger and shock in Beneathas comment very believable, which further emphasizes the situation that Lenas values be portrayed equitable as effectively in the movie as they were in the create verbally screenplay.Lena similarly stands up for herself, some(prenominal) uniform her daughter Beneatha. This is sh feature in the scene where Lena goes to the market to buy some apples that be in very bad condition. Lena says, Got the nerve to be askin multitude 35 cents for them apples look like they was on the scene when Moses crossed all over Wouldnt be tryin to sell em over yonder where I work (Hansberry 54). In this scene of the screenplay, Lenas character fronted very headstrong. In the movie however, this quote was not included.Instead Lena told the clerk, in a sarcastic t unrivaled, Am I being charged for the worms too? (A Raisin in the Sun), which est eems that the quality of the apples was not broad(a). Although the scene was different, the point Hansberry was toilsome to make came across two slipway. Lena came across as a headstrong woman who only wants the best and nothing less, within her budget. In these ways Lena Youngers character was portrayed effectively, however, her character has more significance that just good acting.One of the near important symbols in the screenplay A Raisin in the Sun is the rig. Through step to the fore the screenplay and the movie, no nonpareil else in the Younger household handles for the kit and boodle yet for Lena, which is why the symbol directly links to her. In the screenplay, as soon as Lena enters her flatcar she goes to open the window. Lord, if this comminuted make dont get moving getting more sun, it aint never going to see spring again. (Hansberry 66). This shows that after a long day, she still cares for her feeble little represent, and its call forthth.In the movie this scene was not portrayed effectively, mostly because the apartment the director chose does not accurately fit the description in the screenplay, thus reservation the symbolism of the whole shebang ineffective. Despite that, the true symbolism of the plant is that Lena was longing for her own garden, and that was shown effectively in the movie. The quote from the movie corresponding to this scene is If that plant dont get more sunlight than its been getting, its just gonna give up (A Raisin in the Sun) which shows that Lena does care for the plant, but cant do anything spry its well up-being.Later on in the screenplay Lena first bases to get stressed and worried about her children. The only thing she turns to then is her plant, which shows that Lena is in control of at least one thing in her house. When condolence pick outs up the fact that Beneatha is home novelr than usual Lena replies, I dont trust this plants had more than a speck of sunlight all day (Hansberry 76). This could be to direct her worries elsewhere, which makes sense because in other emotional scenes, such as when Lena is hearing about Mr.Linder, the camera focuses in on Lena touching the plants soil with her hands. The reply could in like manner be because she sees her dream in the plant she sees it is in a weak state and that it is barely growing. Lena also sees that Beneatha and Walter, her children, are experiencing new things and are growing to be count lot of the new generation. Because of this, she vacuousthorn turn to the plant and look forward to the same for it hope for it to blossom into something damp and of that generation.Lenas dream of owning a garden represents not only her dream, but the dream of all the lower come apart African americans of the 50s. Although Lena tries to keep her run pop apartment looking polished, she makes it clear that she dreams for epicger things. While conversing with shame about when her and Big Walter bought the house Lena sa id, provided Lord, child, you should occupy known all the dreams I had about buying me that house and then fixing it up and making me a little garden in the back (Hansberry 69), which clearly shows Lenas dream. non only does she want a twee garden for herself, but she wants a house for her family, so they can all enjoy alert. This scene was not effectively shown in the movie mostly because, as mentioned earlier, the apartment they were living in did not look run buck as was described in the screenplay. Due to this, when the characters were lecture about the ratty-ness of the apartment it did not make sense, because their dialogue did not fit the visual. The ultimate dream for african americans of the term was to live in a place full of life, and of course with less rent.The screenplay implies that the apartment is small and that weariness has, in fact, won in this way of life (Hansberry 23), which means that the room is in poor condition. The movie shows the living room a s small but it does not show it as tattered, like the screenplay implied. At that season and now, this is considered poverty, however the movie displays the room as well kept and does not appear worn out, which is what Lena tries to make it appear like. After Mr. Lindner comes to the Younger household, Beneatha, Walter and shame explain what he precious from them, which was to buy their house off of them.Lena does not completely discover at first why he would come, which shows that she does not espouse that there volition be complications with moving into a white neighborhood. Father give us strength. (Knowingly and without fun) Did he threaten us? (Hansberry 169). This shows that although Lena feels threatened by Mr. Lindner, she does not realize that the new generation does not directly say what they feel. This creates the tone that, just like Beneatha and Walter suffer been telling Lena, she is not educated enough on the new generation.Since Lena represents the African Ame ricans of the 50s expanding in society, it was ineffectively shown in the movie and the screenplay, because of he automatic assumption that they were threatened. All in all, the character of Lena is ineffectively portrayed in the movie to symbolize what the african americans of the 1950s should have been like. Taking a look at Lorraine Hansberrys idea of having a character like Lena in the screenplay, one understands that she is a statement rather than just a character with a dream.Lena Younger is a statement to show that women in the 1950s can work all day to provide for their families and still be caring rather than miserable. The condition the Youngers were living in was one where Lena could easily have been sour to her family members rather than nurturing. This is what Hansberry wanted to show. Also the plant symbolizes Lenas nurturing side, that she will do anything to make the people (or things) she cares for grow and succeed. Overall, the directors of the movie A Raisin in th e Sun did a decent job in interpreting Lenas role in the screenplay.A Raisin In The Sun quizIn my opinion, the most prevalent theme in, A Raisin in the Sun is the real meaning of notes because all of the family members have dreams that require currency in order for them to be fulfilled.Walter is always trying to get money to open up a liquor blood line and believes that the only way he can be a successful man is if he reaches this goal. Throughout the book, Walter is envious of wealthy people and is somewhat embarrassed of his career of a chauffeur. He would like for his son to have a better life and wants him to have everything that he could ever want. While scolding to mummy in the book, Walter states, mom, sometimes when Im downtown and I pass by them cool, quiet-looking restaurants where them white boys are sitting back and talking bout things, turning deals worth millions of dollars, sometimes I see guys dont look some(prenominal) older than me. (page 73) Walter pays so much attention to these robust white boys and this causes him to not appreciate what he has, he just always wants more. Walter believes that if momma gives him the money to invest in a liquor store then he will be successful. florists chrysanthemum doesnt understand why Walter is so focused on money and she asks him, Son-how come you talk so much bout money? Walter replies, Because it is life, milliampere (page 74) mommy doesnt see money as such a big necessity in life and believes more in family, delight in and faith. She tries to show Walter and Beneatha that not everything in life is about being wealthy and having money. For example, after Walter tells mum that he thinks that money is life on page 74, she says, Oh-So now its life. Money is life. at a time upon a time freedom used to be life- now its money. I guess the world really do transplant (page 74) Mama is trying to teach Walter not to be so mercantile. She wants him to focus on other aspects of life that Walter just cant seem to understand.Also, when Mama says how the world is changing, she is talking about how money has a negative influence on the people of that time and how sad it is that moneyis such a necessity. During the conversation between Mama and Walter, Mama sys, You something new, boy. In my time we was worried about not being lynched and getting to the North if we could and how to stay alive and still have a parking brake of dignity too (page 74) Mama is talking about how Walter should appreciate his freedom and how in her time, they had to weight-lift for their freedom and could care less about money.Beneatha doesnt seem to show as much fill in money until she realizes that all of her familys money is one. In the blood line of the book, Beneatha is kind of the outcast of the family because she doesnt seem too concerned about the money and has different views than the rest of the family. For example, Beneatha and Ruth had a conversation about why Beneatha wont marry George and Beneatha says, Oh, I just mean I couldnt ever really be serious with George. Hes- hes so shallow. Ruth replies, Shallow- what do you mean hes shallow? Hes rich Beneatha then says, I know hes rich. He knows hes rich too. (page 48-49) Beneatha wants more from a man than money, she has more depth than that. She is an independent woman and refuses to marry someone just because they are wealthy.In the inception, Beneatha isnt too focused on money however, she comes to the realization that in order to fulfill her dream of being a doctor, she needs money for medical school. When Walter broken all of the familys money, ruining any chance of Beneatha becoming a doctor she tells Asagai, Asagai, go I was peaceing in that bed there, people went out and took the hereafter proficient out of my hands And nobody asked me, nobody consulted me- they just went and changed my life (page 134)A Raisin in the Sun EssayA Raisin in the Sun, written by Lorraine Hansberry, was written maybe with s ome personal experience. When Lorraine was younger, a mob surrounded her home in a white middle class neighborhood and threw a brick in her window (Literature and Language, 913). However, racial prejudice is just one of the themes discussed in the play. The play takes place during the Civil Rights Movement, and the obstacles overcome are obstacles we still face today. Racial prejudice, family strength, and a sell out are the several strong thematic elements in the play.When the Younger family is introduced, they are introduced together. Despite the hardships endured by means ofout the play, the family stays together level(p) through quarrels. Mama is almost like a Buddha of the Younger family by acting as the backbone of the family Mama is the strong one (A Raisin in the Sun, 854). When Walter explains to Mama how he wants to start a liquor store with the money she tells him she doesnt want to go into the liquor business. She decides then to tell him he needs to sit down and talk to his wife, which is more important, because shes family (A Raisin in the Sun, 869).Mama notices also how Walter and Ruths relationship is uncertain (A Raisin in the Sun, 855) which is why she wants him to talk to Ruth about her pregnancy (A Raisin in the, 869). If the baby isnt kept, Ruth and Walter might separate and Travis will have to go back and forth, and Mama wont have some other grandchild. If that had happened, the family would be broken up, and it seems to be a constant fear in Mama that the family might someday divide. Another sign of family strength is when Beneatha denies Walter as her brother (A Raisin in the Sun, 907).When Mama hears Beneatha shun her brother, she reminds her that her brother is just the same as her when she says You feeling like you better than he is today? They are two strong-willed, live in the same apartment, and have the same economic situation. Mama scolds her for acting like the rest of the world. Looking down on him as a colored man doin g low pay jobs to support them, and no one wants to claim that they know that poor sod. Mama tells Bennie not to write his epitaph like the outside world because she doesnt have the privilege, because shes just like him.Mama isnt trying to remind Bennie that she suffers the same ordeals, but perhaps if she was the man of the family she might do the same. Bennie herself would try to provide for them, and Walters actions were meant out of kindness, and the least Bennie could do is to be with him in his time of need. maybe Bennies attempts at being a doctor were partly out of love for her family to help provide for them, not out of pity or personal honor, but for unity. Its not the characters that make the family struggle but mostly the conditions their forced to endure.Socially, they are shunned for being Negroes. When Mr. Lindner bribes the family to move out, the idea threatens to tear the family apart. The idea is at first easily denied because of the money they have to support th emselves (A Raisin in the Sun, 892). However, when Walter loses the money, Mr. Lindners offer appeals to him (A Raisin in the Sun, 909). The family snuff its shocked and tries to support him in his decision, but Walter realizes the importance of family and he turns Lindner international. However, the climactic theme of the story is Walters selling out point.A common reader would want to hate Walter for using the money to start up a liquor store, but then its realized that he was only doing it for his family (A Raisin in the Sun, 896-897). When Walter gave the money away, he gave away the familys future too. Beneatha wasnt securely in school anymore, Travis would have to keep sleeping in the living room, and there isnt money for Ruths baby. Not only did that affect their futures, but it agony Mama as well. In a way, Walter gave away their memories and values.When Walter finds out the money is lost, he says that the money was made out of his fathers flesh, because it was his fathe r who helped them to receive that money. Walter gave it away anyway though because he idea it would help the family (A Raisin in the Sun, 897). He gave away the familys values by deceiving them into thought process that he did the responsible thing with the money, what the family wanted done with money. He fooled Mama into believing he was grown up and could become the head of the family.When the family gained of his mistake, the family became away of what he had done. Furthermore, it insulted them for how he had went about it. Bennie entangle like low class, and didnt feel she could be a doctor anymore (Raisin in the Sun, 901). Ruth felt insulted because she cant believe her husband is going to take the bribe from Lindner (Raisin in the Sun, 905). Mama took it even harder because her husbands blood, sweat, and tears went into it and their dreams were lost because of it.They wanted their children to live out their dreams but instead Walter gave them away in a day (Raisin in the Sun, 856, 897). Perhaps the biggest struggle in the play is the racial prejudice the family endures together. Only because of their color, they end up working in a low pay job in a poorly attended apartment (A Raisin in the Sun, 897). Mr. Lindner is the main symbol in representing racial prejudice. Symbolically, Mr. Lindner could show that stereotypes even come in nice packages.On the outside, Mr.Lindner was a polite man, but on the inside, he was racist and not accepting, like when he left their apartment the first time he visited and told Walter that you cant change whats in peoples hearts (A Raisin in the Sun, 891). Despite the simplicity of the message, its perhaps the most powerful of the themes. Although an entire neighborhood, an entire race, wants the Youngers to move out, they stand together and defend themselves and fight back, even when they feel like they have nothing left.However, Walter realizes that he does have something, which is family, and his experience, which h e almost lost in taking the bribe (A Raisin in the Sun, 909). The Youngers, when rest together, show that with strength and defiance, they can pull through anything together. Together, the Youngers battled racism from a middle class white neighborhood. Together, the Youngers fought a loss of a dream when Walter interchange out. Together the Youngers remained united by giving up their personal dreams for the one family dream of staying together.A Raisin in the Sun EssayIn the play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry you go back in time to when segregation was still aloud. In this play you meet a cast of people with dreams of a better life. The American Dream, to be specific. This dream is portrayed differently for each character, all of which impact the play. Two of these characters are Walter downwind Younger and Lena Younger. In Raisin in the Sun Mama and Walters American dreams conflict and impact the family through materialism and desire to be the ideal American family in society.Mama and Walter both desire to provide for their family. They both look at money as success. When the $10,000 insurance check comes along, Mama sees it as a chance for her family to finally live up and be more like the rest of the American society. She aspires to look after her family, by giving them a house, a car, and most of all- happiness. Walter on the other hand becomes obsessed with his dreams of business, which he believes will result in financial independence to provide for his family.He feels ashamed when he cant give money to his son. When Travis asks for litre cents and Ruth tells him they dont have it, Walter gives him fifty cents anyway. In fact, heres some other fifty cents Buy yourself some fruit today- or take a taxicab to school or something(12) He yearns for his son Travis to look up to him. He adds another fifty to make this more real or true. This also shows how Walter looks at money as success. Walter believes this will be true if he has his dream o f owning his own business or all in all- wealth.Success to both them means that they no durable have to struggle, and live up to what people perceive. Mama distinguishes herself from Walter when it comes to materialistic matters. The first thing mama does when she gets the insurance money is buy a house for her family. This shows how the capitalistic society is having a materialistic effect on Mama. Mamas dream consists of a house and happy family. Mamas plant is a perfect indication of her dream. It symbolizes her family in a way. When the family is down, the plant is down.Mama is constantly in protection of the plant, in hopes of holding on to her dream. Walter in comparison is always looking to be somebody and make it in life. Walter sees wealth as the only solution to this. He longs for financial support. He becomes corrupted by society -to find his identity through money. Walter tells his mother, I want so many things(60). This shows his greediness. All in all Mama and Walters dreams both involve money. Mama shows us her longing for the acceptance of society when she immediately buys a house in a white neighborhood, to provide for her family.Walter shows us his desperation to be a valuable human being when he steals money in hopes of scratch line his liquor business. Walter wants to be respected and live a happy lifestyle for this family. He longs to be the head of the household. Walter sees himself with a liquor store as having power. It isnt till the end until he rethinks the values of himself and his familys future about how there is more to living than just having material riches. Mama only yearns for her family to be respected and live up to what society perceives.No matter what you perceive The American Dream to be, it is possible to attain it and be successful. The American Dream is whatever your dream of success perceives to be. Hansberry shows how hard it was for colored people to find their identities during segregated times. Walter and Mama l earn that money doesnt possess much when it comes by itself. In Raisin in the Sun Mama and Walters American dreams differentiate and impact the family through their wanting to be accepted in society and live in peace. Anyone in this country can undertake happiness and success if they work at it.A Raisin in the Sun Essay1.When Asagai arrives at the apartment, how does his mood contract with Walters and Beneathas? He is very positive and is looking toward the future. Walter and Beneatha appear defeated. 2.How has the loss of the money changed Beneathas optimism? What does she tell Asagai? What is Asagais answer? She has given up and admits defeat. She tells Asagai there is no hope and everything is over. Asagai is very critical of Beneathas feelings and tells her if she has dreams and wants a positive future, she needs to make it herself. He also asks her to go to Africa with him.3.How does Asagai define idealists and realists? Which group does he prefer to be associated with? Ideali sts have dreams and go after them. Realists only see the circle of life and the things that are right in front of them. He would rather be an idealist. 4.What alternative view of the future does Asagai offer to put Beneathas depression in perspective? Go to Africa with him. 5.Asagai leaves and Walter comes into the living room. How does Beneatha attack Walter? What does Walter do? She attacks him by speaking down about who he is as a man. Walter ignores her and looks for something in the apartment.6.How has Mamas physical appearance changed? wherefore does Mama put her plant back on the windowsill? She is depressed and seems defeated. Mama puts her plant in the window because she feels as if she is going nowhere. 7.Who does Mama blame for the accredited situation, and how does she plan to deal with it? She blames herself for this because people have always accused her of dreaming too big. 8.Up until now, Ruth has been the practical one. How does she react to Mamas new placement? She tries to lift Lenas spirits. She doesnt know what to think or how to really handle Mamas new attitude. 9.When Walter arrives back home, what does he say he has done? What does he plan to do? He has called Mr. Lindner, and the family is going to take the money that was offered to them.10.Describe Walters new view of life as being split up between the takers and the tooken. He feels that life is full of takers and tooken. His family has been, he feels, has always been tooken From this point forward, they are going to be takers. 11.What does Mama mean when she tells Walter that if he takes Lindners money he will have nothing left inside? He will loose his dignity and pride of he takes the money.12.Beneatha says Walter is no brother of hers. What lesson does Mama have to remind Beneatha about? Mama tells her she has no right to feel that way or say that about her brother. Regardless of what has happened, she has always taught Beneatha to love. 13.When Lindner arrives, why does Mama insist that Travis stay in the room? She wants him to learn from his father 14.What does Walter tell Lindner? Why? He talks to him about his father and how he worked all his life for others. He continues to tell Lindner that his family is not going to take his money because his father earned the house for the family.15.Why does Lindner decide to appeal to Mama? What is her response? He appeals to her because he says she is older and wiser. He feels that she will bend to the demands of the neighborhood. 16.What is the importance of having Mama return to the empty apartment to grab her plant? That plant represents her dreams and the spirit of her family. Wherever she goes and the family goes, so does the plant. She isnt one to walk out on her family or her dreams.A Raisin in the Sun EssayLorraine Hansberrys play A Raisin in the Sun was far earlier of its time in both depicting the everyday life of portentousness people in a way that everyone can understand and discuss the oppress iveness that black people still felt even though strides had been taken towards civilisedised rights. According to NPR, Hansberry shared the aims for this play with her husband. Hansberry told her husband she wanted to write a social drama about blacks that was good art. Instead of stereotyped characters that would bear no resemblance to actual people, she invented a situation that was sometimes painfully realistic.The plot revolves around what her characters do given the opportunity to escape their cramped surroundings (NPR). a lot of the material from this play is based on Hansberrys own life experiences. They are real characters. The reader can feel Mamas love for her family and her desire for them to better themselves. Travis should not have to sleep on the couch. Beneatha should be able to be a doctor, but she must be careful not to overspeak according to Mama. Beneathas frustration with the outdated ideas of her mother and her brothers traditional marriage are felt.She is a dreamer and yet the reader wants to believe with her. Walters anger is perfectly justified although it gets him nowhere, and Ruths increasing frustration with her husband is also justified, especially as they are about to bring another child into the world. The reader hopes that Walters intent will work even though he/she knows it never will. In the end, the family triumphs against daunting odds. They will have to work harder than they ever have to keep their house, and they will never fit into their neighborhood.They will likely face acts of discrimination even more pronounced, but they do not swallow their pride and submit to the demands of Lindner and their neighborhood. Her characters even speak in the dialect of a real Chicago neighborhood. She uses a non-standard dialect that would only be spoken in black communities. The use of the meter of Langston Hughes called Dream Deferred makes the subject and characters even more real. It asks the reader to think about what would ha ppen if someone worked all their lives for a dream and was unable to achieve it. The poesy then gives options that fit various people within the play.Anyone who reads the play can definitely see the struggles of African Americans. Hansberry was deeply committed to the fight for civil rights just as her parents had been. The struggles of the Younger family parallel the struggles of African Americans in a time where the discrimination was just beginning to be faced. According to Books and Writers, in 1959 Hansberry had said in a speech The unmistakable grow of the universal solidarity of the colored peoples of the world are no longer predictable as they were in my fathers time they are here.And I for one, as a black woman in the United States in the mid-Twentieth Century, feel that I am more typical of the present temperament of my people than not, when I say that I cannot allow the devious purposes of white achievement to lead me to any conclusion other than what may be to most r obust and important one of our time that the ultimate destiny and aspirations of the African peoples and xx million American Negroes are inextricably and gorgeously bound up together forever. (Books and Writers).This sums up Hansberrys ideas about the race and shows us how the play deals with the command of whites. It is clear that the white characters like Karl Lindner and Walters party boss are better off. Even the blacks who sell out in one way or another like George Murchison or Willy Harris are in better places than the Youngers. This family finds it almost impossible to get ahead as the whole social structure is opposed to them. And while this is a play about the American Negro, it is also one with a universal theme.It is also about the failure of the American Dream, which anyone in any time period can cogitate to. Writing in Commentary, Gerald Weales pointed out that Walter Lees difficulty is that he has accepted the American myth of success at its face value, that he is trapped, as Willy Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman was trapped by a false dream. In planting so autochthonic an image at the center of her play, Miss Hansberry has come as close as possible to what she intendeda play about Negroes which is not only a Negro play. (Gale Research).In other words, she has succeeded in discussing an American Negro family, and yet, making it understandable and relatable to everyone of every race. This was no easy task. This is reiterated by Critic Harold Clurman, in the Nation, noted that A Raisin in the Sun is veritable(a) it is a portrait of the aspirations, anxieties, ambitions, and contradictory pres trues affecting humble Negro fold in an American big city. (Gale Research). Much of the historical information in this play comes from Lorraine Hansberrys own life. She grew up on the South Side of Chicago, just like in the play.Hansberrys parents were activists as well as intellectuals and her father was a real estate agent. He violate d a covenant law and moved into a white neighborhood. Their white neighbors tried to evict them. Hansberrys father actually won an antisegregation case that he fought with the aid of the NAACP with the Illinois Supreme Court. These events are the events on which A Raisin in the Sun was loosely based. When Lorraine was eight, her parents bought a house in a white neighborhood, where they were welcomed one night by a racist mob.Their experience of discrimination there led to a civil rights case. Her father won the case the Supreme Court declared that the discrimination was unconstitutional. However, nothing really happened in reality as a result of winning this case. Hansberrys family also learned about the results of fighting the system as they faced many prejudices and acts of discrimination because of their fight, such as a brick being thrown through their window. . Hansberry also worked for Freedom, a progressive black newspaper from 1950 to 1953, which is seen in the plays emphas is on civil rights (PAL).Also according to PAL, In 1963 Lorraine Hansberry became very active in the civil rights movement in the South. She was a field organizer for CORE (PAL). Again, her emphasis on civil rights in the play comes out of her own beliefs and actions. In the play the topic is covered very thoroughly as the Younger family buys a house in a white neighborhood. Houses in black neighborhoods were double the price, and their dream is to get out of the run-down apartment. In discussing this, Hansberry outlines the discrimination built into housing in Chicago and other urban areas.So, they bought the house in the white neighborhood and are elated, but their elation is short-lived because Mr. Lindner shows up. The family fights back as he tries to talk them out of moving by saying things like, I want you to believe me when I tell you that race prejudice simply doesnt enter into it. It is a matter of the people of Clybourne Park believing, rightly or wrongly, as I say, that for the happiness of all concerned that our Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities (Hansberry 2. 3. 65).He ends with a statement about Linder hoping the family knows what they are getting themselves into. In the end, even after Walter loses the money, the family decides to move anyway. They will take extra jobs to make sure that their children have a better life. Hansberrys interestingness in Africa began at an early age. According to Books and Writers, in an unfinished, partly autobiographical novel Hansberry wrote In her emotions she was sprung from the southerly Zulu and the Central Pygmy, the Eastern Watusi and the treacherous slave-trading Western Ashanti themselves.She was Kikuyu and Masai, past cousins of hers had made the exquisite spirtd sculpture at Benin, while surely even more antiquated relatives sat upon the throne at Abu Simbel watching over the Nile (Book and Writers). This love of and interest in Africa is shown through both Asagai a nd Beneatha. Beneatha and Asagai show this interest in African pride in a time in America that was well before Africans began taking interest in their roots or going back to Africa.Asagai is from Africa and has keen pride in it Beneatha is interested in her roots even though she does things like straighten her hair, which Asagai says is assimilationist. Asagai even woos her with his pride in his country. For example, I will show you our mountains and our stars and give you cool drinks from gourds, and teach you the old songs and the ways of our people (Hansberry 3. 1. 55). While Walter makes fun of all the African conversation, that is also historically accurate ahead of its time. many another(prenominal) Africans were interested in their past and wanted to learn about their terrible past.Some, such as Malcolm X, even went so far as to change their work to reflect their former slave status. Others thought the interest was dumb, a part of their past, not their future. Lorraine Han sberry also puts Beneatha forth as a feminist long before women began demanding their rights. The National Organization for Women was not formed until the late 1960s. Yet Beneatha is a feminist. When Asagai makes the statement, For a woman it should be enough, Beneatha replies, I knowbecause thats what it says in all the novels that men write. But it isnt.Go ahead and laughbut Im not interested in being someones little episode in America (Hansberry 1. 2. 114). She wants to be a doctor, and her conviction is so strong that the reader believes her. Hansberry was also a feminist ahead of her time to put these ideas into writing. Even though Beneatha seems to flit from one thing to another, she is in the process of finding her identity. Exploring options and experiencing life is the way that she will find herself as well as having diverse friends like Joseph Asagai. Even her take a shit implies that she believes everything is beneath her.Sometimes irritating, Beneatha is a true feminis t before her time. Feminist as anything else is a patterned advance in coming into womanhood. For example, Mama speaks matter-of-factly of her husbands womanizing ways. She does not condemn him, but seems to accept that womanizing is what men do. Ruth would not put up with that from Walter although she does accede to him on a number of occasions. She also has a more gentle way of getting him to come around. Beneatha represents the new woman or feminist in that she would not put up with any of this.She wants to forge her own identity independent of a man. She believes that people must accept her as she is and refused to be nice as Mama tells her. This play also shows the change in black arts and intellectualism. According to Schmoop, A Raisin in the Sun is part of broader shift in black art towards depicting working-class, ordinary African-Africans. Previously, black intellectuals did not use literature, art, or the stage to portray working-class African-Americans for fear they wou ld perpetuate undesirable stereotypes. (Schmoop).Lorraine Hansberry and Langston Hughes both thought this idea ridiculous. They, in fact, felt the opposite. They felt that they could challenge these stereotypes by writing about them. Also according to Schmoop, By focusing on the dreams and aspirations of one particular working-class black family, moreover, Hansberry was able to show audiences the universality of black aspirations while also demonstrating that their race posed a significant barrier to achieving those goals (Schmoop). That is but what Hansberry did. She showed the trials and struggles of one family.The family is black, and some of the themes only those of color could relate to but others are universalfamily love, sibling rivalry, wanting the best for children, wanting to make money and have more, etc. A Raisin in the Sun is a masterful play. While some see it overly simplistic, Hansberry gives us the gamut of African American response to the oppression that was stil l occurring. Walter is just angry. Mama and Ruth are more concerned with just getting by and providing better opportunities for the next generation. Willy Harris steals from his own to get ahead, and George Murchison rejects his own upbringing.Asagai also rejects American ways, but he is African. Beneatha most represents Lorraine Hansberry as she tries to fight the system, fight societys expectations of her as a black woman, and forge her own identity. All emotions are represented in this play.whole kit and boodle Cited Books and Writers. http//www. kirjasto. sci. fi/corhans. htm http//www. shmoop. com/intro/literature/lorraine-hansberry/a-raisin-in-the-sun. hypertext markup language Colas, Brandon. Lorraine Hansberry. A Raisin in the Sun. The Ghetto Trap. Retrieved November 28, 2008 at http//www. literature-study-online. com/essays/hansberry.html Corley, Cheryl. A Raisin in the Sun. March 11. 2002. NPR. Retrieved November 26, 2008 at http//www. npr. org/programs/morning/features/pa tc/raisin/ Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Lorraine Hansberry. Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 25. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich. Thomson Gale. 2007. http//www. edupaperback. org/showauth. cfm? authid=93 Reuben, Paul. PAL Perspectives in American Literature. Retrieved November 27, 2008 at http//www. csustan. edu/English/reuben/pal/chap8/hansberry. htmlA Raisin in the Sun EssayLorraine Hansberrys play A Raisin in the Sun was far ahead of its time in both depicting the everyday life of black people in a way that everyone can understand and discuss the oppression that black people still felt even though strides had been taken towards civil rights. According to NPR, Hansberry shared the aims for this play with her husband. Hansberry told her husband she wanted to write a social drama about blacks that was good art. Instead of stereotyped characters that would bear no resemblance to actual people, she invented a situation that was sometimes painfully realistic.The plot revolves around what her characters do given the opportunity to escape their cramped surroundings (NPR). Much of the material from this play is based on Hansberrys own life experiences. They are real characters. The reader can feel Mamas love for her family and her desire for them to better themselves. Travis should not have to sleep on the couch. Beneatha should be able to be a doctor, but she must be careful not to overspeak according to Mama. Beneathas frustration with the outdated ideas of her mother and her brothers traditional marriage are felt.She is a dreamer and yet the reader wants to believe with her. Walters anger is perfectly justified although it gets him nowhere, and Ruths increasing frustration with her husband is also justified, especially as they are about to bring another child into the world. The reader hopes that Walters scheme will work even though he/she knows it never will. In the end, the family tri umphs against daunting odds. They will have to work harder than they ever have to keep their house, and they will never fit into their neighborhood.They will likely face acts of discrimination even more pronounced, but they do not swallow their pride and submit to the demands of Lindner and their neighborhood. Her characters even speak in the dialect of a real Chicago neighborhood. She uses a non-standard dialect that would only be spoken in black communities. The use of the poem of Langston Hughes called Dream Deferred makes the subject and characters even more real. It asks the reader to think about what would happen if someone worked all their lives for a dream and was unable to achieve it. The poem then gives options that fit various people within the play.Anyone who reads the play can definitely see the struggles of African Americans. Hansberry was deeply committed to the fight for civil rights just as her parents had been. The struggles of the Younger family parallel the strug gles of African Americans in a time where the discrimination was just beginning to be faced. According to Books and Writers, in 1959 Hansberry had said in a speech The unmistakable roots of the universal solidarity of the colored peoples of the world are no longer predictable as they were in my fathers time they are here.And I for one, as a black woman in the United States in the mid-Twentieth Century, feel that I am more typical of the present temperament of my people than not, when I say that I cannot allow the devious purposes of white supremacy to lead me to any conclusion other than what may be to most robust and important one of our time that the ultimate destiny and aspirations of the African peoples and twenty million American Negroes are inextricably and magnificently bound up together forever. (Books and Writers).This sums up Hansberrys ideas about the race and shows us how the play deals with the supremacy of whites. It is clear that the white characters like Karl Lindn er and Walters boss are better off. Even the blacks who sell out in one way or another like George Murchison or Willy Harris are in better places than the Youngers. This family finds it almost impossible to get ahead as the whole social structure is opposed to them. And while this is a play about the American Negro, it is also one with a universal theme.It is also about the failure of the American Dream, which anyone in any time period can relate to. Writing in Commentary, Gerald Weales pointed out that Walter Lees difficulty is that he has accepted the American myth of success at its face value, that he is trapped, as Willy Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman was trapped by a false dream. In planting so indigenous an image at the center of her play, Miss Hansberry has come as close as possible to what she intendeda play about Negroes which is not simply a Negro play. (Gale Research).In other words, she has succeeded in discussing an American Negro family, and yet, making it understandable and relatable to everyone of every race. This was no easy task. This is reiterated by Critic Harold Clurman, in the Nation, noted that A Raisin in the Sun is authentic it is a portrait of the aspirations, anxieties, ambitions, and contradictory pressures affecting humble Negro fold in an American big city. (Gale Research). Much of the historical information in this play comes from Lorraine Hansberrys own life. She grew up on the South Side of Chicago, just like in the play.Hansberrys parents were activists as well as intellectuals and her father was a real estate agent. He violated a covenant law and moved into a white neighborhood. Their white neighbors tried to evict them. Hansberrys father actually won an antisegregation case that he fought with the aid of the NAACP with the Illinois Supreme Court. These events are the events on which A Raisin in the Sun was loosely based. When Lorraine was eight, her parents bought a house in a white neighborhood, where they w ere welcomed one night by a racist mob.Their experience of discrimination there led to a civil rights case. Her father won the case the Supreme Court declared that the discrimination was unconstitutional. However, nothing really happened in reality as a result of winning this case. Hansberrys family also learned about the results of fighting the system as they faced many prejudices and acts of discrimination because of their fight, such as a brick being thrown through their window. . Hansberry also worked for Freedom, a progressive black newspaper from 1950 to 1953, which is seen in the plays emphasis on civil rights (PAL).Also according to PAL, In 1963 Lorraine Hansberry became very active in the civil rights movement in the South. She was a field organizer for CORE (PAL). Again, her emphasis on civil rights in the play comes out of her own beliefs and actions. In the play the topic is covered very thoroughly as the Younger family buys a house in a white neighborhood. Houses in bla ck neighborhoods were double the price, and their dream is to get out of the run-down apartment. In discussing this, Hansberry outlines the discrimination built into housing in Chicago and other urban areas.So, they bought the house in the white neighborhood and are elated, but their elation is short-lived because Mr. Lindner shows up. The family fights back as he tries to talk them out of moving by saying things like, I want you to believe me when I tell you that race prejudice simply doesnt enter into it. It is a matter of the people of Clybourne Park believing, rightly or wrongly, as I say, that for the happiness of all concerned that our Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities (Hansberry 2. 3. 65).He ends with a statement about Linder hoping the family knows what they are getting themselves into. In the end, even after Walter loses the money, the family decides to move anyway. They will take extra jobs to make sure that their children have a better lif e. Hansberrys interest in Africa began at an early age. According to Books and Writers, in an unfinished, partly autobiographical novel Hansberry wrote In her emotions she was sprung from the Southern Zulu and the Central Pygmy, the Eastern Watusi and the treacherous slave-trading Western Ashanti themselves.She was Kikuyu and Masai, ancient cousins of hers had made the exquisite forged sculpture at Benin, while surely even more ancient relatives sat upon the throne at Abu Simbel watching over the Nile (Book and Writers). This love of and interest in Africa is shown through both Asagai and Beneatha. Beneatha and Asagai show this interest in African pride in a time in America that was well before Africans began taking interest in their roots or going back to Africa.Asagai is from Africa and has great pride in it Beneatha is interested in her roots even though she does things like straighten her hair, which Asagai says is assimilationist. Asagai even woos her with his pride in his cou ntry. For example, I will show you our mountains and our stars and give you cool drinks from gourds, and teach you the old songs and the ways of our people (Hansberry 3. 1. 55). While Walter makes fun of all the African conversation, that is also historically accurate ahead of its time. Many Africans were interested in their past and wanted to learn about their terrible past.Some, such as Malcolm X, even went so far as to change their name to reflect their former slave status. Others thought the interest was dumb, a part of their past, not their future. Lorraine Hansberry also puts Beneatha forth as a feminist long before women began demanding their rights. The National Organization for Women was not formed until the late 1960s. Yet Beneatha is a feminist. When Asagai makes the statement, For a woman it should be enough, Beneatha replies, I knowbecause thats what it says in all the novels that men write. But it isnt.Go ahead and laughbut Im not interested in being someones little ep isode in America (Hansberry 1. 2. 114). She wants to be a doctor, and her conviction is so strong that the reader believes her. Hansberry was also a feminist ahead of her time to put these ideas into writing. Even though Beneatha seems to flit from one thing to another, she is in the process of finding her identity. Exploring options and experiencing life is the way that she will find herself as well as having diverse friends like Joseph Asagai. Even her name implies that she believes everything is beneath her.Sometimes irritating, Beneatha is a true feminist before her time. Feminist as anything else is a progression in coming into womanhood. For example, Mama speaks matter-of-factly of her husbands womanizing ways. She does not condemn him, but seems to accept that womanizing is what men do. Ruth would not put up with that from Walter although she does defer to him on a number of occasions. She also has a more gentle way of getting him to come around. Beneatha represents the new w oman or feminist in that she would not put up with any of this.She wants to forge her own identity independent of a man. She believes that people must accept her as she is and refused to be nice as Mama tells her. This play also shows the change in black arts and intellectualism. According to Schmoop, A Raisin in the Sun is part of broader shift in black art towards depicting working-class, ordinary African-Africans. Previously, black intellectuals did not use literature, art, or the stage to portray working-class African-Americans for fear they would perpetuate undesirable stereotypes. (Schmoop).Lorraine Hansberry and Langston Hughes both thought this idea ridiculous. They, in fact, felt the opposite. They felt that they could challenge these stereotypes by writing about them. Also according to Schmoop, By focusing on the dreams and aspirations of one particular working-class black family, moreover, Hansberry was able to show audiences the universality of black aspirations while a lso demonstrating that their race posed a significant barrier to achieving those goals (Schmoop). That is precisely what Hansberry did. She showed the trials and struggles of one family.The family is black, and some of the themes only those of color could relate to but others are universalfamily love, sibling rivalry, wanting the best for children, wanting to make money and have more, etc. A Raisin in the Sun is a masterful play. While some see it overly simplistic, Hansberry gives us the gamut of African American response to the oppression that was still occurring. Walter is just angry. Mama and Ruth are more concerned with just getting by and providing better opportunities for the next generation. Willy Harris steals from his own to get ahead, and George Murchison rejects his own upbringing.Asagai also rejects American ways, but he is African. Beneatha most represents Lorraine Hansberry as she tries to fight the system, fight societys expectations of her as a black woman, and forg e her own identity. All emotions are represented in this play.Works CitedBooks and Writers. http//www. kirjasto. sci. fi/corhans. htm http//www. shmoop. com/intro/literature/lorraine-hansberry/a-raisin-in-the-sun. html Colas, Brandon. Lorraine Hansberry. A Raisin in the Sun. The Ghetto Trap. Retrieved November 28, 2008 at http//www. literature-study-online. com/essays/hansberry.html Corley, Cheryl. A Raisin in the Sun. March 11. 2002.NPR. Retrieved November 26, 2008 at http//www. npr. org/programs/morning/features/patc/raisin/ Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Lorraine Hansberry. Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 25. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich. Thomson Gale. 2007. http//www. edupaperback. org/showauth. cfm? authid=93 Reuben, Paul. PAL Perspectives in American Literature. Retrieved November 27, 2008 at http//www. csustan. edu/English/reuben/pal/chap8/hansberry. htmlA Raisin in the Sun EssayA Raisin in the Su n is a story of the Younger Family dealing with racial problems in Chicago slums. decade thousand dollars arrives in the mail and Lena has to decide what to do with it. Bennie wants it for tuition money, Walter wants it for down payment for the liqueur store and Ruth just wants everyone to be happy. So there is three major events happening (1) Lena decides to buy a house in a white neighborhood, (2) Lena entrusts the rest of the money to Walter telling him to save a good amount for Beneathas schooling and (3)Walter loses all the money in the liquor store scam. In all these dilemmas Lena has a plant that she talks and takes care of it through out the story. Mamas plant symbolizes hope for the future. In act one scene one Mama says Lord, if this little old plant dont get more sun than its been getting it aint never going to see spring again.( Hansberry, 40) In the beginning that the plants needs sun because its in a room with a little window and Mama worries that it will not spring s o it shows that even thought it does not have enough sun and it is still surviving so it wants to holding because it knows it will be in a better place and become stronger in the future. In act one scene one Mama says They spirited all right, my children. Got to admit they got spirit- Bennie and Walter.. Like this little old plant that aint never had enough sunshine or nothing and look at it(Hansberry,52) Mama Knows that Bennie and Walter are strong and do not just give up like that plant which shows hope for the future for both them to hold out for that soil and that house even thought it has racism they can get through it like the plant without the sun. Beneath Mama, what are you doing? Mama Fixing my plant so it wont get hurt none on the way Beneatha Mama, you going to take that to the new house?(Hansberry,121) Mama un-huh- Beneatha that raggedy-looking old thing? Mama It EXPRESSES ME Even thought Beneath tells Mama how the plant is old and worthless she knows that expresses he r. Mamas plant does not symbolizes anything because all she talks about is getting the garden since all she has is one plant so she says the houses in her neighborhood have their garden. well, I always wanted me a garden like I used to see sometimes at the back of the houses down home. This plant is close as I ever got to having one.(Hansberry,53) Lena just wanted to have a garden since she could not have one when she was little because she was a slave. So that plant is theclosest thing she ever had to a garden. Although some may be able to argue that Mamas plant does not symbolizes anything because she only wants a garden with her house. She wants a garden and that plant is the only thing she can have but it does mean the plant symbolizes hope because she treats the plant like one of her children she nurtures it and wants to take it to a new house to live. Mamas plant is hope for the future because it thrived or lived through not having a lot of light through that small window in t he apartment just like the family went through racism.

Counseling in the Latino Culture

Case Study of Mario Abstract Counseling members of the Hispanic culture who domicile in the United States comes with many challenges, as family structure, economic, and social factors influence an individuals ability to cope with his new surroundings. In the case study of Mario, an exa men of his US residency and the motivational role his family played in his relocation is crucial in determining his mental state and understanding of support. Hispanic men ar for the most part hesitant to seek counseling and admit weakness, and the mandate of the court for treatment may even create more resistance in the case of Mario.While treatment goals would include a complete abstinence from addictive substances, deeper success would come with a realization of his coping mechanisms and the environment factors triggering their defenses. Measures success leave be found in the increased ability for Mario to self-disclose during treatment, cooperating in native Australian-language journaling, and attendance and voluntary interlocking in addiction oriented group counseling. in the flesh(predicate) nurture When first meeting with Mario, I would like to understand more about who he is.Since we may not go through complete file on his demographics, I would like to spang his age, marital status, original residence, if he has children, and current employment situation. I would like to know about his journey to get into the United States, as well as the decision making that went into the mathematical process. Considering that he has left his family behind, I would like to know who he is staying with or his current living conditions. Since the ties among family are extremely valued in the Hispanic culture, determining whose choice it was for Mario to enter the United States il sanctionedly would assist in understanding his emotional state and stability.As mentioned by Torres & Zayas (2009), Latino men are intensely devoted to their families, take great pride in their abili ty to provide for and protect their wives and children, and are deeply connected to their encompassing families and their broader communities (Torres & Zayas, 2009, p. 206). In light of this, I would like to know the motivation for being in the United States despite the risks associated with his alien status. I would besides like to know if he any contact with his family back home. I would also like to know about his family background.The primary source of identity and self-esteem in a Latino is found in his familial structure (Torres-Rivera, 2004). Additionally, the family culture of the Latino population heavily involves the teaching and cultures of the Roman Catholic church, which is a source of Marios social interaction (Hildebrand, Phenice, Gray, & Hinesm, 2008). The family structure and culture also provides understanding of the level of acceptance or tolerance for substance abuse, and whether or not there are any moral objections to such behaviors by relatives and his origi nal community.This provides an avenue from which to pursue support or determine a weak spot in his associations (Torres-Rivera, 2004). I think it would also be pertinent to follow his journey in the United States for the past five years. How many times has he been unemployed? What disparate cultures, ethnicities, and attitudes has he been exposed too? How has he learned to communicate with others? Research show the social and economic conditions play a significant role in substance abuse among Latinos (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991).Realizing what he has been exposed to may provide insight into his need or decision to abuse alcohol or other substances. Personal Biases and Limitations Having had previous exposure to the Latino community through a non-profit organization, I feel that I am comfortable around their culture. peerless of the keys to building successful rapport with a Latino client is familiarizing oneself with the Latino community and culture, and I think that my entrus t to become more education about miscellanea would allow me to accomplish this (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991).However, realizing that he is an illegal alien does give me cause for concern and my first inclination may be to question why he is receiving counseling rather than being deported. Since men within the Latino seldom present for treatment, and even more rarely do they make the initial beg for services themselves (Torres & Zayas, 2009), I may be predisposed to assume that these sessions would be pointless and his addictions were just a part of his primary culture. I may also question who would be paying for the services, and feel that government funding would be better spent on individuals who had a legitimate right to ur services. Should he sacrifice limited English speaking abilities, I may be frustrated and feel that he had a responsibility to learn English if he cute to a part of our country and just refer his case off to a Spanish speaking counselor so I would not have the challenges that would accompany that barrier. With these thoughts and biases, my understanding of his lifestyle and point of view would be skewed and I do not think that I would look objectively at goals and treatment plans.I may go through the motions of listening, but lack a sincerity and empathy in my glide slope and response. Latino individuals, especially men, need to develop watertight rapport with their counselors or therapist, as self-disclosure is extremely difficult for them (Torres & Zayas, 2009). My attitude may be easily sensed, which would lead to confrontation and hostility from the initial introductions (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991). Goals In functional with Mario, I think the primary goal would be abstinence from alcohol.Instead of explaining the evils of alcohol or the effects on his physical health or even the legal consequences of abuse, it is more critical that I engage him in a decision to abstain from alcohol for a specific period of time as we hold f orth the implications of his abuse on his family and community. Although he is separated from his family, deriving treatment goals from what is paganly acceptable behavior highlights one of the strongest values in the Hispanic culture- protecting and providing for the family (Maddux, Phan, Roberts-Wilbur, Torres-Rivera, & Wilbur, 2004).Realizing that his habituation on alcohol may be a coping mechanism for his loneliness and having him explore avenues to become more socially engaged will be another goal that I pursue with Mario. In Latino men, substance abuse is often used to cope with the discomfort and unmet emotional needs of the individual (Maddux, Phan, Roberts-Wilbur, Torres-Rivera, & Wilbur, 2004, p. 31). Despite the need for interpolate, it is plausible that Mario will not support these goals.In fact, resistance should be expected at with every intervention when working with Latino clients (Maddux, Phan, Roberts-Wilbur, Torres-Rivera, & Wilbur, 2004, p. 36). One suggestio n for combatting this resistance would be to have Mario participate in a group counseling setting where he can examine the importance of cultural beliefs and values, as well as provide him a more familiar face environment where he can be honest with other Latino participants (Maddux, Phan, Roberts-Wilbur, Torres-Rivera, & Wilbur, 2004). Theoretical ApproachBecause of the strong need for Latino men to feel in control and exude their masculine identity, I will have to carefully approach my discussions or plan for Mario (Torres & Zayas, 2009). I would develop a better relationship if I share ideas and allow him to discuss it and offer input. The Latino population is generally not interested in lengthy, theoretical discussions and often prefers action. Hispanic clients were found to be tolerant of early goal setting in the counseling process (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991, p. 229). My style should be direct, and include an understanding of the problem form their perspective (Diller, 2011) .It would also be important to incorporate a spiritual component to his treatment, since spiritualty for Latinos is an important part of their identity (Maddux et al, 2004, p. 37). Latino individuals are known to terminate counseling prematurely (Madduz et al, 2004). With the fact that counseling has been mandated by the courts, I would establish a minimum of four sessions. Since the primary session will mainly gather information about his background, that leaves three sessions to work through what I have observe and found to be important to him.Since this will be combined with attendance with a support group, I do not want to scare Mario or smother him in his treatment and progress. If there is a language barrier, it may be easier for Mario to communicate on a deeper emotional level in his native language (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991). If this is the case and he is comfortable doing so, I would have him journal in Spanish or outwardly speak his thoughts occurring when he has a de sire to drink or when he is lonely. This may be more effective than me trying to tell him how he might feel in English.Therapeutic Progress and succeeder While success would be for Mario to become more integrated into his present community and maintain control over his alcohol intake, measuring success for Mario may be difficult if he is unable remove the depression, fear, and stress that often accompanies Latinos residing in the United States (Maddux et al, 2004). However, smaller signs of success with be a noticeable change in his effort to participate in therapy and increase in the depth of his disclosers during sessions.Once Latino men are more comfortable and engaged in the redress process, their walls come down and they are more willing to be personal and open in their revelations (Torres and Zayas, 2009). Further success would be shown in his willful participation in the group therapy that he has been required to attend. References Black, C. , DeBlassie, R. , & Paz, H. (199 1). Counseling the Hispanic male adolescent. Adolescence, 26(101), 223-32. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/195933761? accountid=12085 Diller, J. V. (2011). Cultural diversity A primer for the human services (4th ed. ).Belmont, CA stomach/Cole. Hildebrand, V. , Phenice, L. , Gray, M. , & Hines, R. (2008). Knowing and serving diverse families (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson. Maddxx, C. , Phan, L. , Roberts-Wilbur, J. , Torres-Rivera, E. , & Wilbur, M. (2004) Counseling Latinos with substance abuse problems. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 25(1), 26-42. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/194443893? accountid=12085 Torres, L. & Zayas, L. (2009). Culture and masculinity When therapist and forbearing are Latino men. Clinical Social Work Journal, 37(4), 294-302. doi 10. 1007/s10615-009-0232-2

Via Negativa: A Way of Talking to God

Vla Negatlva Is a direction of uttering about divinity fudge In only negative terms. For example, God Is not mortal or God is not human. Both of these tell what God is not, instead of what he is. This is because our knowledge of God is limited by our finite human understanding, at that placefore. as God is out of this humans, we descry it extremely hard to talk about him. Saint Augustine said If you comprehend, it is not God. If you be able to comprehend, It is because you mistake something else for God. Vla Negatlva allows us to compare God to things in spite of appearance our Universe that we understand, allowing s a sense of recognition with God, however not allowing us to reach a full understanding. This simple recognition Is meaningful enough for umpteen, Including the equivalent of Maimonides and Pseudo-Dionysius. Other philosophers believe that this negative look of speaking about God, is not the only meaningful way to talk of him. These will be discussed further w ithin the essay. Moses Maimonides said that Via Negativa was the only true way to speak of God.God is transcendent, so it is impossible to say what God is, we dont know. He herefore decided the only way we could speak of him, Is to talk In negatives. He gave the example of God is not a human being. This Is because he Is transcendent, so footnot have a body. Maimonides believes that by giving irrefutable ideas to God, we are lowering God to our human level of understanding. Words like good or loving, which are oftentimes employ to describe God, are simply are interpretations of those words, God is transcendent so in no way is he confined to this basic understanding. sing Via Positiva is Improper and disrespectful. However, Maimonides agrees that one positive tatement can be do about God, and this is that he exists, this is because the whole principle of Vla Negativa is based on the Idea that God exists. Pseudo- Dionysius follows the same belief as Maimonides, also stating that God is beyond self-assertion and beyond denial, meaning that whatever you say about God, even if negative, doesnt ultimately tell us what God Is, It simply provides us with spiritual understanding of Him.This way of negatively speaking still allows us to recognise God as good. Even If we say God Is not good, this can made that God Is to a corkinger extent than ust good, he may be wholly perfect So this account of speaking still allows for God being transcendent. It also accepts the fact that the finite cannot rile a true grasp of the infinite. However, there are a few Issues with this view. This theory simple assumes that there is a God to talk about when there is no proof of this some believe that the fact we cannot describe God, suggests there Is not anything to be descrlblng.If we were to only ever talk about objects in a negative manner, we would never grasp truly what an object was, only what it was not. Finally, more religious people believe that it is important to view G od as positive and good, so Via Negativa removes this idea for the religious followers. Other philosophers take the complete opposite view of religious language, saying there is absolutely no meaningful way to talk about God. This view was taken by the Vienna Circle who believed that only analytic propositions and synthetic propositions 1 OF3 are meanlngTul. Analytic Decause tne Knowledge comes tnrougn arranged reasoning, eg. he man was dead, so was not alive synthetic principles because they can b proven o be true or false, so there meaningfulness can easily be shown, eg. The water is 27 degrees. The Vienna Circle followed the Verification Principle this suggested that only empirically verifiable statements are meaningful, one that can be verified by sense experience. Meaningful language involves discussing things that exist only in reality. Therefore God does not fit into this category since he exists outside of our reality. Simply put, the Vienna Circle believe that there is no meaningful way to discuss talk.However, the principle allows historical facts to be meaningful, as they ould be verified at the time. Therefore, could not some of Gods existence be verified? For example, Jesus was raised from the dead, is a historical fact and was verified by many at the time. There is room for God to exist within the principle, so their idea was weak. There are also issues with the fact that the principle itself is not verifiable, so therefore is a bunch of meaningless opinions. Hereby the Vienna Circle and their ideas are often overlooked. Paul Tillich is a philosopher of symbolism.He believes that symbols open up ealms of understanding that we often cannot access. A symbols stands for something other than whatever is represented, he gives the example of the American Flag not only does it represent America, but it shows the unity and the strength of the nation. These secondary meanings are often things that we would struggle to explain, but a symbols makes it easy for us to recognise them and then display them to others. Another example is a simple love warmth that heart can mean a lot of things too many different people, Justice, peace, love, safety Symbols allow personal nderstanding.Tillich therefore believes that symbols can be used to talk about God in a meaningful way. He suggests that religion and God are things of Ultimate Concern, things that we should strive to understand. God is a mental representation of many things like Justice, love and infinity. We struggle to understand these things normally, but religion symbolises these things and allows us to understand. Therefore, religious faith is a way of accepting these symbols, providing a great deal of meaning to God. Tillich then suggests that God can be spoken about in a meaningful way, by sing symbols to explain many of his known features.However, people find issues with this idea, mainly that religion is symbolising other things and isnt really in existence. It appears to lowe r Gods power by simply saying that he is used as an object of representation, rather than of his own great importance. Many religious people dislike this view, saying that God is the ultimate power and should not be lowered to such standards. There are many other theories on how to speak of God and whether it is meaningful or not Aquinas view on analogy, Hares blik but I find Tillichs view on eligious language to be the best.

Is Nuclear Energy Answer to the Energy Crisis by Albert You

Is atomic originator the answer to the dynamism crisis? Submission Date 29/8/2012 required Length 1250-1500 Actual Length 1291 Introduction It is frequently said that thermo atomic cogency is cheaper, safer and more efficient than fossil fuels, and without the effects on air pollution, so it is often seen as a solution to the energy crisis. In 2000, approximately a sixth of the global electricity power was provided by thermo thermonuclear power. Boyle, G et al 2003) However, over the last course of study, there has been the serious accident with a nuclear power lay in Japan, which has draw attention on the nuclear issue erst again, as it recalled the devastating disaster of Chernobyl, Ukraine in 1986. It needs to be asked whether it is safe enough to be the answer to the energy crisis. From my perspective, exploitation of the nuclear energy have done more harm than good so far. Therefore, how to approach the role of nuclear power in this energy crisis in after liveness is the highest priority.Environment According to the Sustainable Development commission (2006), there is no energy technology can r each(prenominal) zero carbon emissions currently. Even renewable technologies get out lead to carbon emissions during construction. Nuclear power plants ar no different. With large demand of product of cement and metal during construction, mining the atomic number 92 ore, massive energy inputs on wastes disposal and the uranium enrichment facility, nuclear energy is definitely not green energy like pack say so.Moreover, as the by-product during the uranium enrichment processes, HCFC (hydro chlorofluorocarbon), the major contributor of depletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, which more or less action to the atmosphere though after treatment. Due to the restriction of efficiency, approximately 33% heat utilization ratio (From IAEA 2012), the light peeing reactor have, a large amount of waste heat are discharged by nuclear plant .For typi cal nuclear systems, in order to ensure that the effects of temperature rise in the environment is small, a large amounts of water (around a billion gallons per day) must(prenominal) be passed through the steam condenser to cool down them ,which also is the main reason why the nuclear plants create near the sea or water area . Heater water can have adverse effects on the plant and animal life which might cause a great variation among species. ( Murray, R 1980) All nuclear plants generate dangerous nuclear wastes.Nuclear wastes contain radioactive material which is tempestuous to near forms of life and the environment. Some nuclear wastes remain dangerous for thousands of years. When biological tissue expose on radiation or touch radioactive material, energy is deposited and a series physical changes take place that cause commodious damage on the cells to variation or death. Current major approaches to managing nuclear wastes are segregation, storage and deep burial for a long t ime according the different risk level of wastes.There are some cases about leak of wastes, and hardly a(prenominal) communities are willing to accept waste site near them. (Gore, A, 2009) Cost and economy If only considering the unit personify of producing electricity by the nuclear power comparing other forms of energy, it is seems to be cheaper much from the data (World Nuclear Association, 2010). However, building a new nuclear plant is a tremendously complicated throw away that costs huge investment and takes many years to complete. It is no likely to calculate the accurate cost of a new nuclear power plant claimed by the Sustainable Develop Commission.Helen Caldicott (2010) believes that the real economy value of nuclear industry is never carefully analyzed, including the cost of uranium enrichment, financial claims after the nuclear disaster, construction and decommission. It is a fact that a smaller proportion (approximately 26%) of fuel cost accounts for a nuclear power plants whole operating cost than other types of power plants. However, the high cost of waste disposal remains a big headache since advent of nuclear technology .According to the mail online news, the cost of cleaning up Britains nuclear waste has increased to almost ? 48 billion, it was revealed today as the Government unveiled radical changes to managing the countrys nuclear legacy. The cost of the programme was estimated at ? 43 billion last year but it has soared to ? 47. 9 billion. (2012). A further problem is that nuclear power plants must maintain higher standards of operational condition in case of the likelihood of potential safety loopholes of equipment in poor condition.In addition Employees, administration, and supplies cost a nuclear power plant $0. 0137 per kWh on average in 2008. (Morgan J, 2010) Going back to the nuclear disaster cause by earthquake-tsunami in Fukushima, the government of Japan estimates the cost at $300 billion, which would make it the most expensi ve natural disaster on record, according to Birmingham L (2011). JP Morgan has estimated the Tokyo electricity company may aspect claims of up to 2 trillion yen, nearly 15 billion pounds by the end of this year.As to the subsequent expenditure of Chernobyl disaster, in Ukraine, 5-7 percent of government spending each year is still devoted to Chernobyl-related benefits and programmes. In Belarus, total spending by Belarus on Chernobyl between 1991 and 2003 was more than US $ 13 billion. Safety and Accidents The most burning(prenominal) part of public concern is the safety of nuclear plant. Regardless of how many wisdom man have, human being never can bear the disastrous results once nuclear accident take place.Huge loss in economy, irreversible damage in environment and unexpected effects on future, all of these enhance the nuclear power have not meet the contemporary safe needs. With the last one nuclear power station closed in work on 2012 in Japan, which means the all of the Japans 50 reactors have been taken off line, marking the countrys first no nuclear power day since May 1970. And after Fukushima disaster, under the pressure of anti- nuclear protests, Germanys coalition government has announced a reversal of policy that all the countrys nuclear power plants will be phased out by 2022.Twenty five years on, the disaster at Chernobyl casts a long shadow over the people. As the most serious nuclear disaster on history , Chernobyl disaster, which lead directly to thirty one deaths in that accident . About 200,000 people had to be for good migrated after the disaster. According to IAEA report, up to 4,000 people may die from long-term diseases related to the accident. Those numbers are a subject of debate. The World Health judicature reported the actual number of deaths related to Chernobyl was about 9,000. However, when atastrophe happened in Fukushima, in Japan, this tragedy makes people realise the terrible hazard of nuclear power once again and the fear is far more than the loss. There have been over 25 indirectly deaths or cases of radiation sickness from the nuclear accident, over 100,000 people had to be evacuated from their homes. In this day and age, for terrorists, nuclear power plants are obvious targets. (Caldicott, h, 2007) Assault by hijacked plane, truck bombs, or covert attack into the reactors control room, which are very likely happened in the future. Once breakout of war, nuclear plants also are first military targets.The subsequence of meltdown or destroy of reactors could trigger the countless death of people in heavily populated areas, and they would suffer slowly and painfully from acute radiation sickness year after year, cancer, leukaemia, congenital deformities, or genetic disease. Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear from the preceding arguments that the weakness overweighed the advantages in nuclear power use, considering the impacts of the unclear power to the environment, huge cost of upfront invest ment and reconstruction after disaster and the unknown safety hidden risk.Owing to this, people should take the nuclear power seriously because of the nuclear disaster would not be unbearable by human race. Hence, the each governments should not promoted the nuclear power as the answer to the energy crisis. Bibliography Birmingham, L. 2011, Japan retrieval Slowed by Aftershocks, Tokyo Monday Boyle, G, et al. 2003, Energy Systems and sustainability- power for a sustainable future, Oxford university press Oxford, Pp, 395-396. Caldicott, H. 2007, Nuclear power is not the answer new press Pp,55-58.Gore, A. 2009, Our Choice a plan to solve the climate crisis, Bloomsbury publishing Great Britain Pp, 150-154. IAEA, 2012. Summary of Nuclear Power Reactors online available http//world-nuclear. org/reference/default. aspx? id=984&LangType=2057&terms=33%25 accessed at 26/08/2012 IAEA, 2001. 15 Years After Chernobyl, nuclear power plant safety improved , but strains on health, economy and environment remainonlineavailable http//www. iaea. org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/cherno15_main. shtmlacce

Advertising, through the ages has evolved to be a very powerful tool that can shape identities and personalities of consumers regardless of age, culture or sex

Advertising has, one way or another shaped my identity and personality. I also defend to admit that because of my exposure to advertisement, I have achieved a certain status in my neighborhood. I play basket globe during my past time, and I became popular in town not scarcely because of my accomplishment but also because of the Nike shoes that I wear.Nike is the worlds leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel. I first heard of Nike when I was a kid, in T.V commercials of fountain basketball player Michael Jordan promoting the shoes.Being an NBA fan and a basketball aficionado, the commercials intrigue me into trying out the shoes he is endorsing. The moment I bought my pair of Nike shoes and paraded it in school, I saw my classmates in complete awe after seeing me wearing the shoes for the first time. I was bombarded with questions like how much does it cost or where it was bought.Also, when I play basketball using the said shoes, I also earned extra attention from the peop le who are watching the game because of my footwear.Aside from that I force out feel that I force out do things that Jordan does (high flying dunks, higher jumping ability) just by wearing the shoes he endorsed, especially when dunking the ball from the free throw line which was made famous by Michael Jordan during the slam dunk contest (though I have not yet accomplished it).When canvass it to other shoes, I can see that Nike has the edge because of its dimensions. I feel that the shoes are lighter than other brands as what Jordan swears it to be. During a game of basketball, which usually requires frequent running, I can feel that the shoes weight does not affect my speed.Another important feature is the durability of the shoes, in which it can last for historic period pull down if I frequently use it during basketball games. Buying shoes that can be damaged easily can cause discomfort and even injuries. I also feel that buying another brand will compromise quality and that I may acquire an injury if my shoes, for example is under the standards that of Nike. With proper care, Nike shoes can be your companion for life.With its features and other types (running shoes, tennis shoes), all sports enthusiast will, like me, be forever loyal to the brand. I can say that whenever I am wearing Nike shoes, I feel that I am better than other people, especially when playing basketball. The shoes give my self-confidence a boost.Advertising, in reality is designed to attract people into buying particular products. But these days, consumers are very wise with regards to spending their hard-earned money. An advertisement abounding of fluff is easily recognized by them.Consumers know what they want and are not easily convinced especially when an advertisement is just luring them into spending. To meet their standards, advertising also stepped-up into the next level. It has become more creative, truthful and warm.My relationship with my Nike shoes is growing strong. Michael Jordan may have influenced this fetish of mine. But in the end, I can say that my loyalty is due to the reason that through time, I have come to prove the things they say in the ads. And because of this, I give my loyalty only to Nike shoes and only to it.ReferenceSage, Alexandria (June 26, 2008). Nike profit up but shares tumble on U.S. concerns. Reuters. http//uk.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idUKWNAS924120080626. Retrieved 2008-07-10.Jordan and Wilkins Battle for Dunk Title. NBAs Greatest Moments nba.com (website)http//www.nba.com/history/1988slamdunk_moments.html